【中学英語】These/Those/There is/There are-復習ワークシート
📚 基礎レベル
This/That と These/Those の違い
指示代名詞には単数形と複数形があります。
| 距離 | 単数（1つ） | 複数（2つ以上） | 意味 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 近く | This is | These are | これは / これらは |
| 遠く | That is | Those are | あれは / あれらは |
単数形（1つのもの）：
This is a pen. （これはペンです）
That is a book. （あれは本です）
複数形（2つ以上）：
These are pens. （これらはペンです）
Those are books. （あれらは本です）
These/Those の後ろは必ず「are」！
✓ These are my friends.
✗ These is my friends. （間違い）
名詞は複数形にする！
✓ These are books.
✗ These are book. （間違い）
These/Those are の文を完成させよう
are my books.
are his pens.
These my friends.
Those are beautiful . (flower)
These are . (apple)
These/Those の疑問文と否定文
These/Those の疑問文と否定文の作り方を学びましょう。
「これら/あれらは〜ですか？」
肯定文：These are your books.
疑問文：Are these your books?
→ are を文頭に移動させる
答え方：
Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.
（はい、そうです / いいえ、違います）
These/Those で聞かれたら、答えは they を使う！
Q: Are these your books?
A: Yes, they are. （✓）
A: Yes, these are. （✗ 間違い）
「これら/あれらは〜ではありません」
肯定文：These are my pens.
否定文：These are not my pens.
→ are の後ろに not を入れる
短縮形：
These aren’t my pens.
| 文の種類 | 形 | 例文 |
|---|---|---|
| 肯定文 | These/Those are ~ | These are my books. |
| 否定文 | These/Those are not ~ | These aren’t my books. |
| 疑問文 | Are these/those ~? | Are these your books? |
| 答え方 | Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t. | Yes, they are. |
疑問文と否定文を完成させよう
these your books?
Are those his pens? – Yes, are.
These my friends.
Are these apples? – No, they .
Those are Japanese cars.
There is/There are の基本
There is/There are は「〜がある/いる」という意味で、存在を表します。
| 数 | 形 | 意味 | 例 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 単数 | There is | 〜がある/いる（1つ） | There is a book. |
| 複数 | There are | 〜がある/いる（2つ以上） | There are books. |
単数（1つ）：
There is a pen on the desk.
（机の上にペンが1本あります）
複数（2つ以上）：
There are three pens on the desk.
（机の上にペンが3本あります）
数えられない名詞：
There is water in the glass.
（グラスの中に水があります）
後ろの名詞の数で is/are を決める！
There is a book. （単数 → is）
There are books. （複数 → are）
There の後ろに必ず is/are が来る！
✓ There is a pen.
✗ There a pen. （間違い）
There is/are の後ろには、よく場所を表す言葉が続きます。
on the desk （机の上に）
in the room （部屋の中に）
under the table （テーブルの下に）
near the window （窓の近くに）
There is/There are の文を完成させよう
There a book on the desk.
There three students in the room.
There a cat under the table.
There many flowers in the garden.
There water in the glass.
🚀 発展レベル
There is/There are の疑問文と否定文
There is/There are の疑問文と否定文の作り方を学びましょう。
「〜がありますか/いますか？」
肯定文：There is a book on the desk.
疑問文：Is there a book on the desk?
→ is/are を文頭に移動させる
答え方：
Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t.
Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t.
「〜がありません/いません」
肯定文：There is a book on the desk.
否定文：There is not a book on the desk.
→ is/are の後ろに not を入れる
短縮形：
There isn’t a book on the desk.
There aren’t any books on the desk.
否定文と疑問文では、some の代わりに any を使います！
肯定文：There are some books.
否定文：There aren’t any books.
疑問文：Are there any books?
| 文の種類 | 単数 | 複数 |
|---|---|---|
| 肯定文 | There is a book. | There are some books. |
| 否定文 | There isn’t a book. | There aren’t any books. |
| 疑問文 | Is there a book? | Are there any books? |
| 答え方 | Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t. | Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t. |
疑問文と否定文を完成させよう
there a book on the desk?
Are there any students? – Yes, there .
There a cat under the table.
There aren’t flowers in the garden.
Is there a pen? – No, there .
How many を使った疑問文
How many を使って、数を尋ねることができます。
「〜にいくつ/何人ありますか/いますか？」
疑問文：How many books are there on the desk?
（机の上に本が何冊ありますか？）
答え方：
There are three books.
（3冊あります）
How many の後ろは必ず複数形！
✓ How many books are there?
✗ How many book are there? （間違い）
are there の語順に注意！
✓ How many books are there?
✗ How many books there are? （間違い）
Are there ~? 「〜がありますか？」（Yes/No で答える）
Are there any books? – Yes, there are.
How many ~? 「いくつありますか？」（数で答える）
How many books are there? – There are three.
| 疑問文 | 答え方 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| How many books are there? | There are three books. | 本が何冊ありますか？ – 3冊あります。 |
| How many students are there? | There are ten students. | 生徒が何人いますか？ – 10人います。 |
| How many cats are there? | There is one cat. | 猫が何匹いますか？ – 1匹います。 |
How many の疑問文を完成させよう
many books are there?
How many are there? (student)
How many cats there?
How many apples are there? – There five.
How many pens are there? – There one.
These/Those/There is/There are の総まとめ
are my books.
Are those your pens? – Yes, are.
There a book on the desk.
there any students in the room?
How books are there? – There are three.
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